Decreased Transition Rate From Situational Insomnia to Chronic Insomnia by One-Week Internet Cognitive Behavioral Treatments for Insomnia During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the long-term effects of one-week self-guided internet cognitive behavioral treatments for insomnia (CBTI) on situational insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and Methods: The participants with situational insomnia (n = 194) were recruited from March 2020 to April 2020 in Guangzhou, China. The insomnia severity index (ISI), pre-sleep arousal scale (PSAS), and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) were evaluated at baseline and a one-week internet CBTI program was delivered to all individuals. The participants were divided into the complete treatment group (the participants completed all seven modules of the CBTI course, n = 75), and the incomplete treatment group (the participants completed 0-6 modules of the CBTI course, n = 119). A total of 135 participants completed the post-intervention assessments. At 3 months follow-up, a total of 117 participants (complete treatment group: n = 51; incomplete treatment group: n = 66) completed the assessments of the ISI, PSAS and HADS. The transition rate from situational insomnia to chronic insomnia (duration of insomnia ≥ 3 months and ISI ≥ 8) was calculated in the two groups. Linear mixed effect model was used to investigate the effect of group (between the two groups), time (baseline vs. follow-up), and interaction (group x time) on various questionnaire score. Results: The transition rate from situational insomnia to chronic insomnia was significantly lower in the complete treatment group compared to the incomplete treatment group (27.5%, 14/51 vs. 48.5%, 32/66, p = 0.023). There were significant differences in group effect (p = 0.032), time effect (p = 0.000) and group × time effect (p = 0.048) between the two groups in the ISI total score. The ISI total scores decreased in both groups during follow-up compared to their baseline values, with a greater magnitude of decrease in the complete treatment group. There were no significant group x time effects between the two groups in the PSAS-total score, PSAS-somatic, PSAS-cognitive score, HADS total score, HADS anxiety score or HADS depression score. Conclusion: Our results suggested that one-week self-guided internet CBTI prevented the development of chronic insomnia from situational insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

[Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire in college students].

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ) in college students. METHODS: We assessed the degree of phone dependence using the MPIQ among 2122 college students. One month later, 60 students were randomly selected for assessment with the MPIQ, and the ROC curve was generated to evaluate the true positive rate (sensitivity) and false positive rate at different cutoff values to determine the optimal cutoff score of the MPIQ. RESULTS: Among 98.9% of the participants who finished all the items, their MPIQ scores show a positive skew distribution and a one-factor structure. The load scores of the items ranged from 0.54 to 0.77. The Cronbach's α coefficient and the Spearman Brown split reliability were 0.84 and 0.83, respectively, the correlation coefficients between the items and total score ranged from 0.54 to 0.76, and the test-retest reliability was 0.48 (P < 0.001). At the optimal cut-off score of 32, the sensitivity and the specificity of the MPIQ were 0.634 and 0.652, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: At the optimal cut-off score of 32, the MPIQ has good validity and reliability for assessing phone dependence among college students.

Testing the Bidirectional Associations of Mobile Phone Addiction Behaviors With Mental Distress, Sleep Disturbances, and Sleep Patterns: A One-Year Prospective Study Among Chinese College Students.

BACKGROUND: Mobile phone addiction behaviors (MPAB) are extensively associated with several mental and sleep problems. Only a limited number of bidirectional longitudinal papers have focused on this field. This study aimed to examine the bidirectional associations of MPAB with mental distress, sleep disturbances, and sleep patterns. METHODS: A total of 940 and 902 (response rate: 95.9%) students participated at baseline and one-year follow-up, respectively. Self-reported severity of mobile phone addiction was measured using Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ). Mental distress was evaluated by using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Sleep disturbances were assessed by using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Sleep patterns were evaluated by using reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), weekday sleep duration, and weekend sleep duration. RESULTS: Cross-lagged analyses revealed a higher total score of BDI, SAS, and ISI predicted a greater likelihood of subsequent MPAB, but not vice versa. We found the bidirectional longitudinal relationships between MPAB and the total score of PSQI and ESS. Besides, a higher score of MPIQ at baseline predicts a subsequent lower total score of rMEQ and shorter weekday sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS: The current study expands our understanding of causal relationships of MPAB with mental distress, sleep disturbances, and sleep patterns.